Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2005, 50(10):467-472 | DOI: 10.17221/4238-CJAS

Effect of microbial oil, monensin and fumarate on rumen fermentation in artificial rumen

D. Jalč1, M. Čertík2
1 Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
2 Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial oil on rumen fermentation of a diet composed of 60% hay and 40% barley in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Microbial oil (MO) was produced by the fungus Thamnidium elegans. This fungus grew on the wheat bran/spent malt grains (3:1) mixture. The fatty acid composition of microbial oil was as follows: 0.7% C14:0, 15.4% C16:0, 10.1% C18:0, 50.9% C18:1, 13.9% C18:2 and 8.4% C18:3 (GLA, γ-linolenic acid). The effect of monensin MON (66 ppm) and fumarate FUM (6.25 mmol) with and without MO supplementation was also studied. The experiment in Rusitec lasted 11 days. After a stabilization period (5 days), MO was added to fermentation vessel V2 (6 days), MON to fermentation vessel V3 (6 days) and FUM to fermentation vessel V4 (6 days). MO was also added to V3 and V4 on the last day together with MON (V3) and FUM (V4). The fermentation vessel V1 served as control (without additives). The results showed that MO reduced (P < 0.05) mol% acetate and increased (P < 0.05) mol% propionate and n-butyrate. Methane production (mmol/day) was reduced numerically (NS). The efficiency of microbial synthesis (EMS) was also reduced numerically and nitrogen incorporated by the microflora (NM) was reduced significantly in MO supplementation. There were no differences in the rumen fermentation when MO was applied together with MON and FUM compared to the vessel where only MO was applied. No additive effect was observed in the relationship MO-ionophore or MO-FUM. Monensin and fumarate applied separately showed their typical effects on rumen fermentation in vitro.

Keywords: microbial oil; monensin; fumarate; rumen fermentation; artificial rumen

Published: October 31, 2005  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Jalč D, Čertík M. Effect of microbial oil, monensin and fumarate on rumen fermentation in artificial rumen. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 2005;50(10):467-472. doi: 10.17221/4238-CJAS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Alves de Oliveira L., Jean-Blain C., Komisarczuk-Bony S., Durix A., Durier C. (1997): Microbial thiamin metabolism in the rumen simulating fermenter (Rusitec): the effect of acidogenic conditions, a high sulphur level and added thiamine. Brit. J. Nutr., 78, 599-613. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. AOAC (1980): Official Methods of Analysis, 13th ed. In: Horowitz W. (ed.): Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.
    3. Bauman D.E., Baumgard L.H., Corl B.A., Griinari J.M. (1999): Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants. In: Proceedings of American Society of Animal Science, 1-15. Go to original source...
    4. Broudiscou L., Pochet S., Poncet S. (1994): Effect of linseed oil supplementation on feed degradation and microbial synthesis in the rumen of ciliate-free and refaunated sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 49, 189-202. Go to original source...
    5. Callaway T.D., Martin S.A. (1996): Effect of organic acid and monensin treatment on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation of cracked corn. J. Anim. Sci., 74, 1982-1989. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Certik M., Shimizu S. (1999): Biosynthesis and regulation of microbial polyunsaturated fatty acid production, a review. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 87, 1-14. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Conway E.J. (1962): Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error. 3rd ed. Crosby Lockwood, London.
    8. Cottyn B.G., Boucque C.V. (1968): Rapid method for the gas chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 16, 105-107. Go to original source...
    9. Czerkawski J.W., Breckenridge G. (1977): Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Brit. J. Nutr., 38, 371-384. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Czerkawski J.W., Clapperton J.L. (1968): Analysis of gas produced metabolism of microorganisms. Lab. Pract., 17, 994-996. Go to PubMed...
    11. Czerkawski J.W., Christie W.W., Breckenridge G., Hunter M.L. (1975): Changes in the rumen metabolism of sheep given increasing amounts of linseed oil in their diet. Brit. J. Nutr., 34, 25-44. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Demeyer D.I. (1991): Quantitative aspects of microbial metabolism in the rumen and hindgut. In: Jouany J.P. (ed.): Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. INRA, Paris, France. 217-237.
    13. Demeyer D.I., Van Nevel C.J. (1979): Effect of defaunation on the metabolism of rumen microorganisms. Brit. J. Nutr., 42, 515-524. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Doreau M., Ferlay A., Elmeddah Y. (1993): Organic matter and nitrogen digestion by dairy cows fed calcium salts of rapeseed oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil. J. Anim. Sci., 71, 499-504. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Geay Y., Bauchard D., Hocquette J.F., Culioli J. (2001): Effect of nutritional factors on biochemical, structural and metabolic characteristics of muscles in ruminants, consequences on dietetic value and sensorial qualities of meat. Reprod. Nutr. Develop., 41, 1-26. Go to original source...
    16. Jalč D., Kišidayová S., Nerud F. (2002): Effect of plant oils and organic acids on rumen fermentation in vitro. Folia Microbiol., 47, 171-177. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Jenkins T.C., Fellner V., McGuffey R.K. (2003): Monensin by fat interactions on trans fatty acids in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms grown in continuous fermentors fed corn or barley. J. Dairy Sci., 86, 324-330. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Loor J.J., Ueda K., Chilliard Y., Doreau M. (2003): Profiles of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), trans-18:1 isomers, and trans 11, cis 15-18:2 in rumen fluid from cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with sunflower, linseed, or fish oil. In: USDA Conf. Gastrointestinal Function, March 10-12, Chicago, IL, USA.
    19. López S., Valdés C., Newbold C.J., Wallace R.J. (1999): Influence of sodium fumarate addition on rumen fermentation in vitro. Brit. J. Nutr., 81, 59-64. Go to original source...
    20. McDougall E.I. (1948): Studies on ruminant saliva. I. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochem. J., 43, 99-109. Go to original source...
    21. Nagaraja T.G. (1995): Ionophores and antibiotics in ruminants. In: Wallace R.J., Chesson A. (eds.): Biotechnology in Animal Feeds and Animal Feeding, V.C.H. Press, Weinheim. 173-204. Go to original source...
    22. Newbold C.J., Stewart C.S., Wallace R.J. (2001): Developments in rumen fermentation - the scientist's view. In: Garnsworthy P.C., Wiseman J. (eds.): Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham. 251-279.
    23. Orskov E.R., Flatt W.P., Moe W. (1968): Fermentation balance approach to estimate extent of fermentation and efficiency of VFA fermentations in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci., 51, 1429-1435. Go to original source...
    24. Wachira A.M., Sinclair L.A., Wikinson R.K., Hallett K., Enser M., Wood J.D. (2000): Rumen biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on microbial efficiency and nutrient digestibility in sheep. J. Agric. Sci., 135, 419-428. Go to original source...
    25. Wallace R.J., Czerkawski J.W., Breckenridge G. (1981): Effect of monensin on the fermentation of basal rations in the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). Brit. J. Nutr., 46, 131-148. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Wettstein H.R., Machmüller A., Kreuzer M. (2000): Effects of raw and modified canola lecithins compared to canola oil, canola seed and soy lecithin on ruminal fermentation measured with rumen simulation technique. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 85, 153-169. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content