Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2023, 68(12):497-507 | DOI: 10.17221/64/2023-CJAS

Effects of plant sterol microcapsules on growth performance and serum biochemical indicators in pigsOriginal Paper

Bin Song1, Shengwei Di2, Yan Zhao1, Ziwei Li1, Junjie Jin1, Fengxiang Hou1, Yawen Zhang1, Hongxi Xu1
1 College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Wenzhou, PR China
2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China

To better explore the effects of adding phytosterol (PS) microcapsules to feed on pig growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, and serum biochemical indicators, 200 healthy ternary hybrid Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets with an average initial weight of 7.53 ± 0.57 kg) were used as experimental subjects, and randomly divided into five groups with four replicates in each group. The control group of pigs was fed the basic diet, while the experimental group received diets supplemented with different PS levels. They were divided into experimental groups 1 to 4 (100 mg/kg to 5 502 mg/kg) according to different dosage added components. The duration of the experiment was 54 days. The results showed that the total triglyceride (TG) index and diarrhoea status in the experimental group were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The increase in PS addition levels was more significant in the change of pig average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), and the difference in average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio between PS-400 and PS-550 was significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant differences in crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), average digestible energy (ADE), metabolizable energy, xylan, and calcium (P < 0.05), with a maximum increase of 7.02% in calcium content. The addition of PS can be effective in making the experimental and control groups show a significant difference in value changes in high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) indicators (P < 0.05), while no significant changes were revealed in the other indicators (P > 0.05). From the above, plant sterol microcapsules can effectively improve pig growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility, and improve their blood lipid status.

Keywords: plant sterols; pig; diarrhoea rate; nutrient digestibility; aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Received: May 4, 2023; Accepted: November 13, 2023; Prepublished online: December 6, 2023; Published: December 20, 2023  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Song B, Di S, Zhao Y, Li Z, Jin J, Hou F, et al.. Effects of plant sterol microcapsules on growth performance and serum biochemical indicators in pigs. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 2023;68(12):497-507. doi: 10.17221/64/2023-CJAS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Bhattacharyya AK. In vitro esterification of plant sterols by the esterifying enzyme of the small intestine of rat. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1979;35(12):1614-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Calkins KL, Robinson DT. Intravenous lipid emulsions in the NICU. Neoreviews. 2020;21(2):e109-19. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Call L, Molina T, Stoll B, Guthrie G, Chacko S, Plat J, Robinson J, Lin S, Vonderohe C, Mohammad M, Kunichoff D, Cruz S, Lau P, Premkumar M, Nielsen J, Fang Z, Olutoye O, Thymann T, Britton R, Sangild P, Burrin D. Parenteral lipids shape gut bile acid pools and microbiota profiles in the prevention of cholestasis in preterm pigs. J Lipid Res. 2020;61(7):1038-51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Cheng Y, Chen Y, Li J, Qu H, Zhao Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary β-sitosterol regulates serum lipid level and improves immune function, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Poult Sci. 2020;99(3):1400-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Dawood A, Zuberi A, Shi W. Plant-based β-mannanase supplemented diet modulates the gut microbiota and up-regulates the expression of immunity and digestion-related genes in Cyprinus carpio. J Appl Anim Res. 2022;50(1):21-30. Go to original source...
    6. Djuissi NM, Ngoula F, Kouamo J. Reproductive characteristics, serum metabolites, and oxidative status in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) fed with ethanolic extract of dichrostachys glomerata fruit. World Vet J. 2021;11(1):66-72. Go to original source...
    7. El-Shafei AA, Al-Gamal MA, Shams El-Deen AE. Effectiveness of caprylic acid and Yucca schidigera extract on productive and physiological performance of laying hens. Egyptian J Nutr Feed. 2022;25(1):67-83. Go to original source...
    8. Faubel N, Makran M, Cilla A, Alegria A, Barbera R, Garcia-Llatas G. Bioaccessibility of plant sterols in wholemeal rye bread using the INFOGEST protocol: Influence of oral phase and enzymes of lipid metabolism. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70(41):13223-32. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Feng S, Wang L, Shao P, Sun P, Yang CS. A review on chemical and physical modifications of phytosterols and their influence on bioavailability and safety. Critic Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(20):5638-57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Gravert TKO, Fauser P, Olsen P, Hansen M. In situ formation of environmental endocrine disruptors from phytosterol degradation: A temporal model for agricultural soils. Environ Sci Proces Impacts. 2021;23(6):855-66. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Guo Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu B, Chen H, Yu J, Yan H, Zheng P, Luo Y. Dietary dihydromyricetin supplementation enhances antioxidant capacity and improves lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Food Funct. 2021;12(15):6925-35. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Guthrie G, Stoll B, Chacko S, Mohammad M, Burrin D. Depletion and enrichment of phytosterols in soybean oil lipid emulsions directly associate with serum markers of cholestasis in preterm parenteral nutrition-fed pigs. J Parenter Entereral Nutr. 2022;46(1):160-71. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Gylling H, Plat J, Turley S, Ginsberg HN, Ellegard L, Jessup W, Jones PJ, Lutjohann D, Maerz W, Masana L, Silbernagel G, Staels B, Boren J, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Deanfield J, Descamps OS, Kovanen PT, Riccardi G, Tokgozoglu L, Chapman MJ, European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel on Phytosterols. Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseas. Atherosclerosism, 2014;232(2):346-60. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Hao L, Wang C, Wang H. Effects of supplementing with Humulus scandens on the growth performance and gut microbiota in piglets. J Appl Microbiol. 2022;133(6):3546-57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Isaac DM, Alzaben AS, Mazurak VC, Yap J, Turner JM. Mixed lipid, fish oil, and soybean oil parenteral lipids impact cholestasis, hepatic phytosterol, and lipid composition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(6):861-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Keszthelyi D, Knol D, Troost FJ, van Avesaat M, Foltz M, Masclee AAM. Time of ingestion relative to meal intake determines gastrointestinal responses to a plant sterol-containing yoghurt drink. Eur J Nutr. 2012;52:1417-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Mun HS, Rathnayake D, Dilawar MA, Jeong M, Yang CY. Effect of ambient temperature on growth performances, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs. J Appl Anim Res. 2022;50(1):103-8. Go to original source...
    18. Shang Q, Ma X, Liu H, Liu S, Piao X. Effect of fibre sources on performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities and microbiota in weaned pigs. Arch Anim Nutr. 2020;74(2):121-37. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Sorelle DN, Narcisse VB, Momo CMM, Herve T, Ferdinand N, Joseph T. Curative effects of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) aqueous extract on reproductive parameters and oxidative stress markers in female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) exposed to lead. Eur J Vet Med. 2023;3(1):6-11. Go to original source...
    20. Suda Y, Kagawa K, Fukuyama K, Elean M, Zhou B, Aminul Islam M, Rajoka MSR., Kober AKMH, Shimazu T, Egusa S, Terashima Y, Aso H, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Soymilk-fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii TUA4408L improves immune-health in pigs. Benef Microbes. 2022;13(1): 61-72. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Sun HY, Yun HM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on growth performance, apparent digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbiota, and meat quality in finishing pigs. Canad J Anim Sci. 2019;100(2):272-81. Go to original source...
    22. Tian Z, Deng D, Cui Y, Chen W, Yu M. Diet supplemented with fermented okara improved growth performance, meat quality, and amino acid profiles in growing pigs. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8(10):5650-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Valitova JN, Sulkarnayeva AG, Minibayeva FV. Plant sterols: Diversity, biosynthesis, and physiological functions. Biochemistry. 2016;81(8):819-34. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Vilahur G, Ben-Aicha S, Diaz-Riera E, Diaz E, Badimon L, Padro T. Phytosterols and inflammation. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(37):6724-34. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Wang K, Zhang H, Han Q, Lan J, Chen G, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides on growth performance, immune function and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Phys Anim Nutr. 2020;104(4):1096-105. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Xie T, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhou Y. An evaluation of graded levels of beta-sitosterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology in broiler chickens at an early age. Poult Sci. 2022 Nov;101(11): 13 p. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Yuan C, Ding X, Jiang L, Ye W, Wu J, Qian L. Effects of dietary phytosterols supplementation on serum parameters, nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme of white feather broilers. Ital J Anim Sci. 2021;20(1):2102-9. Go to original source...
    28. Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Zhang H, Wang X. Health benefits of 4, 4-dimethyl phytosterols: An exploration beyond 4-desmethyl phytosterols. Food Funct. 2020;11(1):93-110. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Zhao YR, Chen YP, Cheng YF, Qu HM, Li J, Wen C, Zhou YM. Effects of dietary phytosterols on growth performance, antioxidant status, and meat quality in Partridge Shank chickens. Poult Sci. 2019;98(9):3715-21. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Zhu Q, Wu J, He D, Lian X. Effects of plant sterols intake on systematic and tissue specific lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Curr Dev Nutr. 2021;5(suppl 2):388. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content