Czech J. Anim. Sci., 2006, 51(5):196-204 | DOI: 10.17221/3929-CJAS

Effects of fat-protein supplementation of diets for cows in early lactation on milk yield and composition

D. Strusińska, D. Minakowski, B. Pysera, J. Kaliniewicz
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Warmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, Poland

An experiment was performed on 37 Holstein-Friesian cows during the first 120 days of lactation. The cows were fed balanced diets composed of haylage and maize silage (together 52% dry mater) and a concentrate containing 19% crude protein (group 1), a concentrate containing 17.5% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus® (group 2) or a concentrate containing 19% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus® (group 3). The mean daily milk yield recorded in groups 2 and 3 amounted to 32.6 kg/d and was by 10.3% higher than in the control group (P ≤ 0.01). FCM yield increased by 15.5% and 12.1% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, in comparison with group 1. Diet supplementation with Megapro Plus® had no significant effect on the levels of fat, lactose, protein, nitrogen fractions and urea, or some physicochemical properties of milk (density, pH, heat stability). A decrease was noted in solids-non-fat (group 2) and somatic cell count (P ≤ 0.05). Megapro Plus® supplementation of a diet with a reduced (to 3%) "00" rapeseed meal content in concentrate (group 2) resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:1 and C18:2) and hypocholesterolaemic acids (DFA) in milk, recorded on the 120th day of lactation. Megapro Plus® supplementation of a concentrate with a high (10%) "00" rapeseed meal content aimed at increasing the concentrations of both energy and protein (group 3), had no significant effect on improvement in the fatty acid profile, i.e. changes towards increasing unsaturation of milk fat.

Keywords: dairy cows; CaFA salts; milk; composition; yield

Published: May 31, 2006  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Strusińska D, Minakowski D, Pysera B, Kaliniewicz J. Effects of fat-protein supplementation of diets for cows in early lactation on milk yield and composition. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 2006;51(5):196-204. doi: 10.17221/3929-CJAS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. AOAC (1990): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed. Arlington V.A.
    2. Antoniewicz A., Krawczyk K., Ryś R., Pietras R., Działowski Z. (1996): Wpływ dodatku pełnych nasion rzepaku do dawki na produkcję i skład mleka oraz poziom hormonów i metabolitów w osoczu krwi krów. Rocz. Nauk. Zoot., 23, 87-99.
    3. Bargo F., Muller L.D., Kolver E.S., Delahoy J.E. (2003): Invited review: Production and digestion of supplemented dairy cows on posture J. Dairy Sci., 86, 1-42. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Beaulieu A.D., Palmquist D.L. (1995): Differential effects of high fat diets on fatty acid composition in milk of Jersey and Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci., 78, 1336- 1344. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Bolland C.S., Mandebvu P., Sniffen C.J., Emanuele S.M., Carter M.P. (2001): Effect of feeding an energy supplement to dairy cows pre-and postpartum on in take, milk yield, and incidence of ketosis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 93, 55-69. Go to original source...
    6. Brzóska F., Kowalczyk J. (2002): Milk yield, composition and cholesterol level in dairy cows fed rations supplemented with zinc and fatty acid calcium salts. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 11, 411-424. Go to original source...
    7. Brzóska F., Gąsior R., Sala K., Wiewióra W. (1999a): Effect of calcium salts of fatty acids from animal fat, rape oil, linseed oil and fish oil on the yield and composition of cows milk. Ann. Anim. Sci., 26, 105-117.
    8. Brzóska F., Gąsior R., Sala K., Zyzak W. (1999b): Effect of linseed oil fatty acid calcium salts and witamin E on milk yield and composition. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 8, 367- 378. Go to original source...
    9. Budsławski J. (1973): Badanie mleka i jego przetworów. PWRi.L.Warszawa. 182-184 pp.
    10. Cant J.P., DePeters E.J., Baldwin R.L. (1993): Mammary amino acid utilization in dairy cows fed fat and its relationship to milk protein depression. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 762-774. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Cervantes A., Smith T.R., Young J.W. (1996): Effects of nicotinamide on milk composition and production in dairy cows fed supplemental fat. J. Dairy Sci., 79, 105- 113. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Colin-Schoellen O., Laurent F., Vignon B., Robert J.C., Sloan B. (1995): Interactions of ruminally protected methionine and lysine with protein source or energy level in the diets of cows. J. Dairy Sci., 78, 2807- 2818. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Doreau M., Chilliard Y. (1996): Digestion and metabolism of dietary fat in farm animals. In: Fats in the diet of animals and man. ADAS, Birmingham, UK. 1-35. Go to original source...
    14. Doreau M., Ferlay A., Elmeddah Y. (1993): Organic matter and nitrogen digestion by dairy cows fed calcium salts of rapeseed oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil. J. Anim. Sci., 71, 499-504. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Drackley J.K., Beaulieu A.D., Elliott J.P. (2001): Responses of milk fat composition to dietary fat or nonstructural carbohydrates in Holstein and Jersey cows. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 1231-1237. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Elliott J.P., Drackley J.K., Weigel D.J. (1996): Digestibility and effects of hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 79, 1031-1039. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Goering H.R., Van Soest P.J. (1970): Forage Fibre Analysis. USDA, Washington. Agric. Handbook, No. 379.
    18. Grummer R.R. (1991): Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci., 74, 3244-3257. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. IZ-INRA (1997): Praca zbiorowa. Normy żywienia bydła, owiec i kóz. Wartość pokarmowa pasz dla przeżuwaczy. Wg. INRA (1988). IZ Omnitech Press, Warszawa. 1- 213.
    20. Jenkins T.C. (1993): Lipid metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 3851-3863. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Jensen R.G. (2002): The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J. Dairy Sci., 85, 295-350. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Jóźwik A., Śliwa-Jóźwik A., Strzałkowska N., Krzyżewski J., Kołątaj A. (2004): Zależność między liczbą komórek somatycznych a poziomem GSH, wydajnością i składem chemicznym mleka. Med. Weter, 60, 1215-1217.
    23. Kellaway R.C., Porter S. (1993): Feeding concentrates: Supplements for dairy cows. In: Hopkins E. (ed.): Agmedia, Melbourne, Australia.
    24. Kowalski M.Z. (1997): Mydła wapniowe kwasów tłuszczowych oleju rzepakowego w żywieniu bydła. Zesz. Nauk. AR Kraków. Rozprawy No. 228.
    25. Kowalski Z. M., Pisulewski P.M., Spanghero M. (1999): Effects of calcium soaps of rapeseed fatty acids and protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res., 66, 475-487. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Kraszewski J., Wawrzyńczak S., Mandecka B. (2003): Ocena efektywności preparatu Megapro w żywieniu wysokoprodukcyjnych krów. Rocz. Nauk. Zoot., 30, 69-77.
    27. Noakes M., Nestel P.L., Clifton P.M. (1996): Modifying the fatty acid profile of dairy products through feedlot technology lowers plasma cholesterol of humans consuming the products. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 63, 42-46. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Palmquist D.L., Beaulieu A.D., Barbano D.M. (1993): Feed and animal factors influencing milk fat composition. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 1753-1771. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Pieszka M., Brzóska F. (2001): Effect of protected rapeseed or soybean meal supplementation on milk yield and physico-chemical composition in cows fed grass silage. Ann. Anim. Sci., 1, 75-87.
    30. Potkański A., Nowak W., Szumacher-Strabel M., Twardowska A., Mocek M. (1997): Wpływ mydeł wapniowych na wydajność mleczną i skład mleka krów żywionych zielonkami. Rocz. Nauk. Zoot., 24, 107-117.
    31. Schingoethe D.J. (1996): Balancing the amino acid needs of dairy cow. Anim. Feed Technol., 60, 153-160. Go to original source...
    32. Schroeder G.F., Gagliostro G.A., Becu-Villalobos D., Lacau-Mengido I. (2002): Supplementation with partially hydrogenated oil in grazing dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 85, 580-594. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Schroeder G.F. Gagliostro G.A., Bargo F., Delahoy J.E., Muller L.D. (2004): Effects of fat supplementation on milk production and composition by dairy cows on pasture: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci., 86, 1-18. Go to original source...
    34. Simas J.M., Huber J.T., Wu Z., Chen K.H., Chan S.C., Theurer C.B., Swingle R.S. (1995): Influence of steamflaked sorghum grain and supplemental fat on performance of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 78, 1526-1533. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Sklan D., Moallem U., Folman Y. (1991): Effect of feeding calcium, soaps of fatty acids on production and reproductive responses in high producing lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci., 74, 510-517. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Sklan D., Ashkenazi R., Braun A., Devorin A., Tabori K. (1992): Fatty acids, calcium soaps of fatty acids, and cottonseeds fed to high yielding cows. J. Dairy Sci., 75, 2463-2472. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Ward A.T., Wittenberg K.M., Przybylski R. (2002): Bovine milk fatty acid profiles produced by feeding diets containing solin flax and canola. J. Dairy Sci., 85, 1191- 1196. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Wu Z., Huber J.T. (1994): Relationship between dietary fat supplementation and milk protein concentration in lactating cows: a review. Livest. Prod. Sci., 39, 141- 155. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content